Abstract

Bones are a fundamental component of the vertebrae and provide structural support, protection especially for vital organs and serve as anchors for muscles. Long bones are a component of the skeletal system in animals. Long bones play a role in the production of blood cells and mineral storage. Long bones are manifested by a shaft (diaphysis) and two ends (epiphysis) filled with spongy bone. Structure of long bones include diaphysis, epiphyses, metaphysis articular cartilage and medullary cavity. Short bones consist of cube shape and provide stability as well as support. Short bones are seen in the wrist bones (carpals) and ankles (tarsals) of mammals. Short bones exhibit a major role regarding weight distribution as well as joint mobility. Examples of short bones are carpals, tarsals and sesamoid bones. Short bones contain a compact outer layer of bone tissue (cortical bone) and a spongy inner layer (cancellous bone) that consists of bone marrow. The development of short bones happens through endo chondrial ossification, where cartilage transforms into bone tissue in a gradual manner. Flat bones of skull namely frontal and parietal bones provide the protection to the brain.

Description