Abstract

Pre menstrual syndrome (PMS) is a combination of emotional, physical and psychological symptoms. Hormones exhibit a major role in the development of PMS. The menstrual cycle is controlled by a delicate balance of Hormones specifically estrogen and progesterone, The fluctuations in the Hormones result in the onset of PMS symptoms. These Hormonal changes can impact neurotransmitter and receptors in the brain, resulting in the mood swings, irritability and emotional disturbances often linked to PMS. Serotonin, a neurotransmitter, is responsible for controlling mood particularly during the PMS, Hormonal functions result in alterations in Serotonin levels, which may contribute to symptoms namely anxiety, depression and irritability. The interplay between hormones and neurotransmitters in the CNS leads to the occurrence if a key aspect of PMS pathology. An enhanced levels of inflammatory markers namely C_ reactive protein ( CRP) may be linked to severe PMS symptoms. An inflammatory process result in physical symptoms namely bloating, breast tenderness and headaches. Some individuals, due to genetic characters , may be predisposed to experiencing more severe PMS symptoms. Lack of exercise, poor diet, stress and other environmental factors can aggravate the condition also. Treatment us based on Hormonal birth control, selective Serotonin reuptake inbitors ( SSRIs) and non steroidal anti_ inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that can manage specific symptoms. It is finally concluded that PMS is a multifaceted situation with a complex physiology. Genetic factors, Hormonal fluctuations, imbalances and neurotransmitters play a role in the development and severity of PMS symptoms.

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