Abstract

In the contemporary landscape, Transportation Authorities and Highway Engineers worldwide grapple with challenges distinct from those faced by their counterparts in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. These challenges not only the creation of novel highways and bridges but also the refurbishment of existing roads and bridges deteriorated due to aging or increased vehicular loading. The escalating frequencies of deterioration in existing roads and the looming threat of imminent bridge failures have compelled numerous Highway Authorities to conduct comprehensive evaluations of current infrastructure. Consequently, there is a prioritization of retrofitting efforts to align with present specifications and anticipate future conditions.

Description