Abstract

Causes of endemic colloid goiter include dietary insufficiency, geograp[hic factors, thyroid hormone imbalance, genetic predisposition, environmental factors, age as well as gender, pregnancy as well as puberty, auto immune conditions and tadiation exposure. Symptoms of endemic colloid goiter are thyroid enlargement, hormonal symptoms, difficulty swallowing, voice changes, painless as well as slow growth, visible as well as palpable nodules and lymph node enlargement. Diagnosis is dependent upon patient history, physical examination, laboratory tests, thyroid auto antibodies, iodine levels, imaging studies, thyroid scintigraphy and Fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Differential diagnosis is based on non-toxic multi nodular goiter MNG ), toxic multi nodular goiter ( Plummers disease ), thyroid cancer, Hashimoto thyroiditis, sub acute thyroiditis, thyroid cysts, graves disease, medullary thyroid carcinoma, anaplastic and thyroid carcinoma. Treatment is related to medical management, surgical intervention, dietary consideration and monitoring as well as follow-up. It is finally concluded that endemic colloid goiter is a thyroid disorder that primarily derives from iodine deficiency,, resulting in the thyroid enlargement and associated symptoms. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment along with iodine through diet, can manage this condition in an effective manner and stop complications.

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